购电协议 (PPAs) help to strengthen the development of renewable power.
PPA:促进可再生能源增长
A power purchase agreement is a contract between a producer (seller) and a consumer (buyer) of energy. In recent years it has developed into a win-win solution for maintaining and building renewable energy assets without subsidies.
帕特里克·科赫 heads the Upstream Origination unit in Düsseldorf, 德国. The unit is part of Statkraft's Markets business area.
Statkraft is a leading supplier of short- and long-term power purchase agreements, 也被称为ppa. In recent years, PPAs have evolved and taken new forms to ensure renewable energy growth.
生产者的购电协议
Generators of fluctuating renewable power need to ensure the profitability of the business. Renewable energy from wind and solar depends on natural conditions that vary widely. 除了, changes in supply and demand in wholesale energy markets are causing prices to fluctuate a lot.
因此, it can be difficult to predict the revenue from renewable production. 以前, this economic uncertainty has been reduced by subsidies or feed-in tariffs, 旨在刺激可再生能源增长的政策. 在越来越多的市场, 这样的补贴计划已经或即将结束, 随着可再生能源变得越来越有竞争力.
"There will be fewer and fewer subsidies or feed-in tariffs in the years to come. Investing in renewable plants will be easier and cheaper, but the need for 可预测的收入 remains the same. Renewable energy producers must ensure a consistent level of income to guarantee short- and long-term profitability for their plants, and banks and investors will continue to demand a certain level of income and planning security. We therefore expect the number of PPAs to increase in the future,帕特里克·科赫说, head of the German Origination unit in Statkraft's business area Markets.
另外, 通过购电协议保证收入, the financing of renewable plant projects outside of subsidy-regimes is enabled. 这有利于可再生能源的整体增长.
大型能源消费者的购电协议
Industries and companies that supply power to businesses and households need to purchase energy at a predictable cost. Increasingly, PPAs for renewable energy are concluded.
"The reason is a combination of sustainability strategies and a desire to participate in the green shift,科赫说。.
"Some buyers want production from renewable sources to actually match real-time consumption, and Statkraft provides planning certainty for fluctuating production,他补充道.
双赢的局面
The challenge in the market is that owners of renewable plants and power consumers do not have the same needs. 一个人想要不间断的供应, the other can only sell power when it is produced – when the wind blows or the sun shines.
To resolve this conflict, Statkraft meets the needs of both parties:
- Offering predictability and security of supply to consumers thanks to a large portfolio of power plants combining water, 确保太阳能和风能的稳定供应.
- Providing financial predictability and security for plant owners through the ability to generate stable, 可预测的收入.
关于PPA
ppa有什么标准吗?
购电协议是在交易对手之间协商达成的. 然而, there are standard categorizations for PPAs used in the 行业, such as short or long-term to characterize the length or on and off-site to indicate whether the energy-generating plant is in the same location or near the buyer, 或者它是否在另一个地方. 除了, there are financial PPAs that do not involve physical delivery but are only entered into at an economic level.
电力是如何从卖方传递给买方的?
In the case of an on-site PPA, the power can be consumed directly on the customer’s site. In most cases, however, the facility is located elsewhere. 因此, the power is fed into the power grid on the plant’s end, and the grid connects it to the consumer just like for all households that buy energy.
什么是新兴的24/7 ppa类别?
在可再生能源供应方面, a common obstacle companies face is that their power consumption is not accurately matched by power generation from renewable power plants. This might result in the need to compensate for the lack of renewable power available to them by buying power from fossil fuels in the market.
To solve this issue, Statkraft was the first company to introduce a new model in 德国 for Daimler. Statkraft matches the company's consumption pattern in real time by leveraging solar and 风力发电 in combination with hydropower. An independent label such as TÜV in 德国 certifies that the power is generated simultaneously at a 15-minute granularity.
It can be called a 24/7 PPA since it covers all consumption needs with renewable energy 24 hours a day, 一周7天.
金融购电协议是如何定义的?
除了 to PPAs where energy is delivered physically, there are also financial or virtual PPAs that provide risk management for price fluctuations, 没有实际的电源. The buyer and seller agree on a price for an agreed quantity. 电力在现货市场上出售, and differences between market price and agreed price are settled between the parties.